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Leachability of Ba and Cr from alkali-activated matrices
Cába, Vladislav ; Hajzler, Jan (referee) ; Koplík, Jan (advisor)
The aim of this work is to determine the usability of alkaline activated matrices made from ashes to inhibition of barium and chrome. Ashes – fly ashes and ashes from fluidized bed combustion – were compared with cement used for inhibition. By using inductively coupled plasma atomic emmission spectrometer were determined concentrations of barium and chrome in leachates based on norm ČSN EN – 12457-4. In addition, images were taken on the scanning electron microscope and crystallographic spectra from X-ray crystalography were obtained to determine structure. The results show that ashes from fluidized bed combustion are suitable for inhibition of both barium and chrome, whereas fly ashes can not sustain these elements with such success.
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Fixation of the lead in alkali activated materials based on different types of ashes
Cába, Vladislav ; Kalina, Lukáš (referee) ; Koplík, Jan (advisor)
The aim of this work was to develop an alkali activated matrix based mainly on fly ash, to determine the ability to fix lead in these matrices, the impact of added lead on mechanical properties and to reveal the way of lead fixation in these matrices. The matrices consisted mainly of fly ash (four from fluidized bed combustion, one pulverized coal combustion) with an admixture of blast furnace slag and sodium silicate as an activator. Lechates were prepared on the basis of the ČSN EN - 12457-4 standard, lead concentrations in them were measured using an atomic emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma. The strengths of the samples were measured after 28 days. Images, element maps and element spectra were taken to determine the structure using a scanning electron microscope with an electron dispersion spectrometer, the samples were analyzed on an infrared spectrometer with a Furier transform, X-ray diffraction analysis and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis were also used. The individual measurements showed that lead is accumulated in the form of hydroxide. The impact of lead doping on strength of the matrix was different for individual samples. Matrices from both types of fly ash released minimal amounts of lead into leachates, so it is possible to use them to fixate lead.
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The effect of dump waters on the quality of surface stream in Czech Republic
Samšuková, Eva ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Křenková, Marcela (referee)
A landfill leachate is a chemical solution generated in the waste materials that are dumped in a landfill. According to the increasing amount of waste produced worldwide the risk that leachate water gets out of a landfill and contaminates with contained pollutants surrounding environment, e.g. nearby surface water, rises. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effect that leachates have to surface water in the Czech Republic. The research was built on primary data that had been obtained in several landfills in the Czech Republic. Important sources were also obtained through the secondary literature. Possible influence of leachates is also outlined by chemical calculating illustrating a hypothetical situation of leaking landfill water to a stream. My research showed that the impact of landfill water on surface water presents a great risk. It can occur during ordinary operations of the landfill operations - due to instable technical installation or due to dumping waste with a different extract conditions, but also as a consequence of extraordinary situations (e. g. storms). Surface water is mostly polluted with heavy metals, chlorides or nitrogen in variety of its forms. High concentration of organic matters is also detected by COD and BOD indicators. Exceeding legal limits threatens the whole surface...
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Fixation of the lead in alkali activated materials based on different types of ashes
Cába, Vladislav ; Kalina, Lukáš (referee) ; Koplík, Jan (advisor)
The aim of this work was to develop an alkali activated matrix based mainly on fly ash, to determine the ability to fix lead in these matrices, the impact of added lead on mechanical properties and to reveal the way of lead fixation in these matrices. The matrices consisted mainly of fly ash (four from fluidized bed combustion, one pulverized coal combustion) with an admixture of blast furnace slag and sodium silicate as an activator. Lechates were prepared on the basis of the ČSN EN - 12457-4 standard, lead concentrations in them were measured using an atomic emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma. The strengths of the samples were measured after 28 days. Images, element maps and element spectra were taken to determine the structure using a scanning electron microscope with an electron dispersion spectrometer, the samples were analyzed on an infrared spectrometer with a Furier transform, X-ray diffraction analysis and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis were also used. The individual measurements showed that lead is accumulated in the form of hydroxide. The impact of lead doping on strength of the matrix was different for individual samples. Matrices from both types of fly ash released minimal amounts of lead into leachates, so it is possible to use them to fixate lead.
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Leachability of Ba and Cr from alkali-activated matrices
Cába, Vladislav ; Hajzler, Jan (referee) ; Koplík, Jan (advisor)
The aim of this work is to determine the usability of alkaline activated matrices made from ashes to inhibition of barium and chrome. Ashes – fly ashes and ashes from fluidized bed combustion – were compared with cement used for inhibition. By using inductively coupled plasma atomic emmission spectrometer were determined concentrations of barium and chrome in leachates based on norm ČSN EN – 12457-4. In addition, images were taken on the scanning electron microscope and crystallographic spectra from X-ray crystalography were obtained to determine structure. The results show that ashes from fluidized bed combustion are suitable for inhibition of both barium and chrome, whereas fly ashes can not sustain these elements with such success.
|
|
|
The effect of dump waters on the quality of surface stream in Czech Republic
Samšuková, Eva ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Křenková, Marcela (referee)
A landfill leachate is a chemical solution generated in the waste materials that are dumped in a landfill. According to the increasing amount of waste produced worldwide the risk that leachate water gets out of a landfill and contaminates with contained pollutants surrounding environment, e.g. nearby surface water, rises. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effect that leachates have to surface water in the Czech Republic. The research was built on primary data that had been obtained in several landfills in the Czech Republic. Important sources were also obtained through the secondary literature. Possible influence of leachates is also outlined by chemical calculating illustrating a hypothetical situation of leaking landfill water to a stream. My research showed that the impact of landfill water on surface water presents a great risk. It can occur during ordinary operations of the landfill operations - due to instable technical installation or due to dumping waste with a different extract conditions, but also as a consequence of extraordinary situations (e. g. storms). Surface water is mostly polluted with heavy metals, chlorides or nitrogen in variety of its forms. High concentration of organic matters is also detected by COD and BOD indicators. Exceeding legal limits threatens the whole surface...
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